I just finished reading Infidel
and Nomad by Ayaan Hirsi Ali. As
someone who has believed strongly in diversity and the strength of
multi-culturalism, her ideas shake things up for me as a liberal. She was a
Muslim Somalian who escaped an arranged marriage and who now lives in the U.S.
Now she adamantly writes about the dangers of the mindset of the Muslim
religion.
This I need to consider further, but while reading her memoirs, I thought about the role of women as I was growing up and how some elements are similar.
As I read details of her childhood, I was appalled at the
everyday violence she experienced and the degradation she was made to feel as a
female. No child should have to experience what she did.
Women Unequal to Men
Although it is definitely no
comparison to her extreme experiences, I grew up in a time when our culture in
the United States did not consider women equal to men.
Hirsi Ali writes about female circumcision that she experienced
and how important female purity was to the honor of a girl’s family. Once a
girl reached puberty, she was guarded like a hawk. Of course, nothing as brutal
as circumcision was present in my world, but I understand the essence of what
she was saying because of my western experience growing up.
Once I reached puberty, my mother
stressed that I was not to be alone with someone of the opposite sex…even when
I was in college. (We once had a huge family crisis because I didn’t obey this
rule.) In those days, expectations for
girls were different from boys. I remember when I was 10 and told my parents that
I wanted to be a doctor—a brain surgeon. (At that time I was into reading all
the medical articles in Readers Digest.)
My parents sat down and talked with me seriously about how girls did not become
doctors but nurses instead. Then, they suggested, maybe as a nurse I might see
too much blood so maybe I should consider becoming a teacher or a secretary. Whether
or not I went to college was okay with them. They would be proud of me either
way.
College and Career
I had no intention of becoming a secretary but am glad I
became a teacher. It really suited me better than a medical career. (My parents were right but for the wrong
reasons.) When it came time to choose a college, I decided to go far enough
away that I would have to stay in a dorm. My parents tried to talk me into
commuting…even offering to buy me a used car. Even then, I knew that my college
education would involve more than academic classes and instinctively I knew I
needed to go away to college.
I wound up going to Frostburg where, at that time of a
teaching shortage in the state, I would have free tuition if I signed a
contract to teach in Maryland for two years after I graduated. No problem. Students today might have a problem
understanding this but in those days, female students were treated differently
from male students. The day I arrived at Frostburg, there was a special
assembly for students and their parents. Dr. Hardesty, the president of
Frostburg at the time and a buffoon as far as I was concerned, assured parents
that the college would take good care of their daughters while they were away
from home. His advice to students was, “Cling to your professors.” Although he
wasn’t speaking literally, some of the girls wound up doing it literally.
Before parents left their daughters, they filled out a
permission form. There was a list (I seem to remember 6-8 items) of things their daughters could or
could not do while in the care of the college. For example:
Yes___ No ___ My daughter has permission to visit a fellow
student in town.
Yes ___ No ___ My daughter has permission to spend the night
off campus.
And so on. Being rather sheltered, my parents checked off
“no” for all items but that didn’t matter because I found ways to do what I
wanted anyway…and not be caught.
Some students today might be surprised that dorms then were
segregated and boys were not allowed at all in girls’ rooms. Even more
surprising is that girls had curfews and boys did not. Boys were allowed to
live off campus but girls had to have a female “house mother.” In Infidel and Nomad, Hirsi Ali writes about how Muslim women must cover themselves
for fear of sexually tempting men who might see any skin. When I was growing
up, of course things were nowhere near extreme. However, girls were constantly
reminded by their mothers of how to act as “young ladies.” At Frostburg, girls were held to a dress code
(but not the boys). In my college days,
students had meal tickets and ate in a dining hall. Girls could not wear pants
but had to wear skirts for their college dining experience.
Marriage
As a young girl, for my birthday and Christmas
I usually got one gift that was an item for my “hope chest.” My hope chest was
filled with a silver service, one fork, spoon or knife at a time. The “hope”
was that I would find someone to marry me. Hirsi Ali writes about young Muslim
girls being promised to older men—marriages that fathers arranged for. The men
paid with goats, etc. and walked away with the promised goods… young wives who
would bear many children, be at their command and tolerate new wives that they
might marry.
I remember not long ago, weddings where fathers walked their
daughters down the aisle. The minister asked who was “giving away” the bride.
The father then turned the bride over to the groom. The vows involved the bride saying that she
would “love, honor and obey” her
husband. At one time, the groom did not repeat these words but I think things may
have changed now. However, it was the bride who always gave up her name, her
identity, and took on her husband’s name. There was never any question about
doing this. Today, even though things are changing, most women give up their
names and take on their husband’s last name.
Even today, when envelopes are addressed to a married couple,
in the dwindling instances of snail mail, they are addressed to Mr. and Mrs.
(husband’s first and last name).
In the past, in marriage the woman was expected to fill
certain roles while the man would fill his expected roles. My first husband
once gave me for my birthday, ten coupons for washing the dishes for the next
year! Gradually things are changing in this area.
Hirsi Ali writes about the disgrace a family felt if a
daughter was not married and how dangerous it might be if she were raped. She
says there are still “mercy killings” every day in the world because someone’s
daughter was raped. The woman is killed…not the man! It’s her fault if a man
rapes her!
To a lesser extent, this attitude exists in the U.S. where prostitution is illegal. When someone is
arrested in a prostitution bust, it is the woman and not the man who is
arrested. Even today.
Later in my life, when I decided to leave teaching and
(unsuccessfully) look for a photography position, one man told me in an interview, “There are
some jobs I just wouldn’t send a girl on.” I knew that was not the place for me
to work. When I eventually opened a camera shop with a partner, I experienced
lowered expectations of my expertise even from female patrons.*
Thank goodness, our culture has changed. I didn’t change my
last name the second time around. Our daughter had a hyphenated last name. My
second husband of 32 years and I are equal partners who fill not the expected
roles but the roles that suit each of us best.
Still Room to Grow
It is sad that there are so many Muslim women in the world,
some in the U.S., are subjected to the rule of their husbands and who feel they
must cover their bodies so men won’t be tempted. What about men taking responsibility
for their own behavior? Haven’t we heard in the U.S. that some rapes are the
fault of the woman because of the way she dressed? “She was asking for it.”
Shouldn’t men behave themselves regardless?
We might view the Muslim
perspective as extreme but some of the same elements, in milder form, are also
part of our culture. We have come a long way in our western world but we still
have a way to go…we have not elected a female President yet.
* I used to own a camera shop and, until I was able to hire some part-time
employees, I was the only staff in the store. One day a woman walked in
with a camera in her hand. I stood at the counter, ready to wait on
her. She stood on the other side, ignoring me and looking toward the
back of the store. I finally asked her, "May I help you?" She replied
that she was hoping "the man" was in. It seems she had a problem with
her camera and had assumed that only a man could help her. (By the way, I
wound up fixing her camera which required a simple adjustment.)
